Electromagnetic recording apparatus for telegraph-circuits.



A. H. ANNAND. ELECTROMAGNETIC RECORDING APPARATUS FOR TELEGRAPH cmcuns.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.20, I914.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

. 1 I l I 4X U6 6?" 3513 awe M4213 fi m i A. H. ANNAND.

ELECTROMAGNETIC RECORDING APPARATUS FOR TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS.

A APPLICATION FILED Aue.2o. 1914.

1,159,326., Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Witmeooeo vemtoz A. H. ANNAND. ELECTROMAGNETIC RECORDING APPARATUS FOR TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS. APPLICATION FILED AUG.20. I914. 1,150,326. Patent-ed Aug. 17, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

w Fa ima:

ALEXANDER HILL ANNAND, OF BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA.

ELECTROMAGNETIC RECORDING APPARATUS FOR TELEGRAPH-CIRCUITS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

Application filed August 20, 1914. Serial No. 857,673.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER HILL AN- NAND, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of Buenos Aires, Argentina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electromagnetic Recording Apparatus for Telegraph-Circuits; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same.

The improvements provide for recording the elementary parts of the Morse code in a form such that the record may be either P transcribed or it may be used to relay or repeat into a second circuit.

In-recording signals a perforated medium,

like a paper tape, is employed, and perforations are made by received reversed impulses of varying extent, or blocks. This is clearly apparent when an inkrecorder is employed, where a dot is on one side of a central base line, appearing as a truncated pyramid with obtuse angles, and a dash on the opposite side of the base line, a series of successive dots and dashes will be-run together and a division between successive dots or dashes will be imperceptible, the group appearingas a block. This is brought about by suitable adjustments of the transmitter at the transmittingend aided by the class of receiving relay, which in this case is Muirheads gold wire relay. A group of dots or dashes has a characteristic extent and the number of individual dots or clashes in a block is easily-translated by .a skilled receiving operator; "so that a block of given extent either on the dot or the dash side is readily translatable.

This improvement includes, as part of the recording combination, an electro-magnetic three-punch perforator at the receiving station, an automatic, motor-driven circuit breaker in local circuit with an electro-magnet operating the dot punch an automatic, motor-driven circuit breaker in a local circuit with an electro-magnet operating the shafts carrying the circuit breakers are, in

eachca'se, yielding or friction couplings, and there is a ratchet on each shaft whichis controlled by a pawl and electro-magnet.

When the dot punch is to be operated, the

main-line relay, through a local circuit, actuates an electro-magnet, withdraws a pawl and frees the shaft bearing the circuit breaker in the dot punch circuit; and when the dash punch is to be operated, a magnet 1n a similar manner frees "the circuit breaker in the dash punch circuit.

Normally the .circuit breakers inthe dot and dash punch circuit are held at rest and the circuit breaker in the spacing hole circuit runs free; when the dot magnet is operated to release the dot circuit breaker the spacing circuit breaker is caught and heldjand the same is true when the dash punch circuit breaker is used. The ratchets on the rotating shafts have ten teeth each,.when the dot magnet punch, responsive to line impulse, releases the dot punch circuit breaker and the rotating shaft escapes one, two, three, or

more teeth,vaccording to the length of the line impulse, so that the letter H, composed of four dots, received in the block form, al-

lows the shaft to escape four teeth and the circuit breaker on said shaft breaks the dot It has been demonstrated by me that the ten tooth ratchet wheel acts as a synchronizing device and any tendency to a deviation in speed of rotation between the transmitting agency, usually automatic, is rectified at the receiving station, the shaft being set back or advanced by the pawl striking the converging sides of adjacent teeth, so that I no error exceeding five per cent. is encountered, and this is negligible in practical working.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention.

Figure 1 shows the essential elements of a three-key tape perforator and the relation of my improvement thereto. Fig. 2 shows the motor-driven shafts with yielding connections and details of the local means for operating either punch magnet. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the perforator. Fig. 4 is a vertical front elevation in section, showing the magnets and circuit closing points in the perforator. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal crosssection showing the circuit closing contacts within the perforator. Fig. 6 is a detail of the ratchet wheel. Fig. 7 is a diagram the circuits connecting them to the perfoshowing the rotating circuit breakers and an armature or movable contact 10, ar-

ranged to maintain its position on either one side or the other untll a varlatlon in line condition changes its position. A con-- denser d is shown in the main circuit; this is usually placed between the cable and the receiving instrument. The three-key per-.

forator is of the well-known Muirhead type,

in which a finger-key, when depressed initially sets a combination of elements or a dot and a feed hole, or a dash and a feed a hole; the initial movement closes a local cir-= cuit through magnet 200 as soonas the combination is set by the movement of the finger:

key, and an arm 201, fixed to said magnet armature, operates the. punch; the three plunches are shown at110, 111, and 112.

.feed holes in tape 25. a Y face 120 has a "finger contact 121 by which 7 35 etal blocks 113 l and 114, are vertically movable to mechanically connect the reciprocating end of the angular lever 201 with I tween the teeth of ratchet 88, on one side,

the selected punches. Retracting springs are shown at 115. The feed roll 9 has a circumferential line of pins entering the A spring-pressed sursaid surface may be withdrawn to allow the tape, when necessary, to be moved manually. The pivoted lever 201, as stated, gives final movement to the combination of punches as set by the depressed key; the pivoted lever 202, mechanically connected to the vertical reciprocating rod 116 sets the elements for the dot unch, and a similar lever 203, connecting with the vertical reciprocating rod 117, sets the elements for the dash punch. The levers 202 and 203 have re. tracting springs like 204. The levers 201, 202 and 203 are usually operated by three finger contacts, but for the purposes of -my invention I have substituted for these finger Keys electro-magnets 100 and 101; each magnet may vhave its core longitudinally perforated; a brass rod 102, carrying the armature 105, extends through said perforation into engagement with the dash key 203, and a brass rod'103, bearin armature 104, extends through the perforation of magnet 100 into engagement with the dot key 202. The lever 201 is operated by magnet 200 and an electric circuit to be describe There is provided a series of motor-driven rotating circuit breakers arranged to divide a local circuit successively to transmit short impulses of current. These circuit-breakers are shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 7.

Referring to Fig. 2, there is .a suitable said wheel.

frame 90, in which are journaled three shafts 40, 41 and 42. The shaft 40 has fixed thereon a wheel 50 having itsperi phery divided volve imparted to them by a shaft 8 driven by electric motor m in an -electric supply circuit 64, containinga rheostat 63, by which the speed is maintained constant;shaft s has a. toothed wheel w, meshing with a pinion p on shaft 66 journaled in frame 91; shaft 66 carries toothed wheel 60 meshing with wheel 62 on short shaft n and wheel 61.

on short shaft 0 friction clutches 7 connect shaft 66 with shaft 41, shaft 71. with shaft 40,

and shaft 0 with shaft 42 there is thus imparted to the shafts 40, 41 and 42 a constant tendency to rotate. On the end of shaft. 40

is toothed ratchet 89, on shaft 41 toothed ratchet-88, and onshaft 42 toothed ratchet 87-; this ratchet wheel hasten teeth shaped substantially as shown in Fig. 6; a pawl 85 on lever 80, pivoted at 81, has chisel-shaped engaging terminals "and reciprocates beand ratchet 89 on the other; a similar pawl 86 on lever 82, pivoted at 83, reciprocates between ratchets 88 on one side and 87 on the other; a brass plate84 maintains the reciprocates through the keeper 24 of magnet 20; armature 19 has a retracting spring 43 and adjusting spindle 45 armature 18 has a retracting spring 44 and a similar adjusting spindle 45; springs 43 and 44 are expansion springs and operate to press the armatures 18 and 19 away from the poles of the magnets, respectively. Pawls 85 and 86 are normally in engagement with ratchets 89 and 87 holding shafts 40 and 42 at rest, while shaft 41 is allowed to run free; when magnet 20 is energized, pawl 86 releases ratchet 87 and engages ratchet 88, shaft 41 is stopped and shaft 42 runs free; when magnet 21- is energized, pawl 85 releases ratchet 89 and holds ratchet 88, so that shaft 40 runs free and shaft 41 is held. Magnet 20 is in a local circuit with contacts 10, 11,

'of relay *1-,- thc local circuit includes battery 16 and'wires 14 and 15. -Magnet 21 is in circuitwith contacts 10, 12, of relay 1', including battery 16 and wires 13, 14. The rotating circuit breaker 48, 52, is in circuit with magnet 101, including battery 206, the

coil of magnet 101 and wire 171. The circuit breaker 50, 47 is in circuit with the coil of magnet 100, including battery 206, the coil of 100 and wire 70; the return circuit in each case is through the ground 9 or the metal base of the apparatus; the circuit breaker 51, 49 is in circuit with the magnet 200, including battery 206, Wire 71, and the return circuit described.

The operation is as follows: Let us assume that a so-called block impulse is received and that the relay 1- closes its contacts 10, 12, and holds this contact during the continuance of the block impulse, and that this block impulse is equivalent in extent and due to the transmission of four dots, representing the letter 72.: magnet 21 attracts its armature 19, and withdraws pawl 85 from engagement with ratchet 89 into engagement with ratchet 88 and that circuit breaker 47, '50 makes and breaks circuit and 206 four times, actuating magnet 100 four times in succession, and that lever 202 is depressed four successive times, closing circuit through magnet 200 at either pair of contacts 250,

251, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5; this com pletes circuit through magnet 200, the lever 201 coacting with the lever 202 each time that lever 202 is depressed, from which it results that four dot perforations and four spacing perforations are made in the tape 2%. At the termination of the block impulse, the relay armature 10 takes an intermediate position, lever is released, ratchet 88 is freed and ratchet 89 blocked, the parts are in their normal position. Suppose that im mediately following this a dash is transmitted by means of a reverse impulse, lever 10 engages contact 11 and a local circuit is completed through coil of magnet 20, battery 16 wires 14 and 15; magnet 20 attracts its armature 18, ratchet 87 is released and ratchet 88 is held; the circuit containing coilof magnet 101 is closed via the elements 48, 52, 171, 101, 206 and return circuit 9;-

this circuit is broken repeatedly by the circuit breaker 48, 52, during the time the relay holds the last described position, and as many dash perforations are made at the 0pposite edge of the tape to that first described, together with corresponding center line feed perforations, as are equivalent to the duration of the'block signal impulse re' ceived. Upon the cessation of the line impulse, the parts resume their normal posi- 1 tion, ratchet 88 is free and the circuit breaker 49, 51, transmits a series of impulses in the local circuit 71, including the coil of magnet 200, battery 206, wire 71, and the return circuit 9, so that the line of feed perforations for the tape is continuous, due to the operation of the lever 201 actuated by the magnet 200.

It is to be understood that the rate of automatic transmission and the rate of rotation of the shafts 40, 41, 42, bear a substantially fixed relation, and that synchronism is maintained, to the required degree of accuracy by employing a ten toothed ratchet and an angular engaging pawl like or 86, because a pawl, when engaging this ratchet, either accelerates or retards the movement of the shaft on which the ratchet is placed by engaging with the angular surface of a tooth, if it be out of unison.

In the drawings the perforator is shown with a metal base or frame, 205, and a bridge piece, 106, of brass, onposts supported upon the cross-bar, 207. The screw,,j107, furnishes means for varying the extent of movement of rods 102 and 103.

In Fig. 8 I have shown a manual transmitter/u, at station 2', and a modified form of receiving relay 7 at station j. The operation is substantially like that already described.

The contacts 259 and 260 are registering contacts on the box cover and in the box containing the perforating mechanism;

- these are useful in assembling the parts.

magnet, a polarized controlling relay in said circuit, and means for operating either punch magnet by breaking its circuit successively for an interval determined by the actuation of said relay due to a block impulse.

2. The combination of a main circuit, a transmitter in said circuit and means for recording blocks of elemental Morse signals in perforated tape form, said means including an electro-magnetic perforator having a plurality of punches, electro-magnetic means for operating said punches, local circuit connections for said electro-magnetic means, a normally inactive automatic circuit breaker in the circuit of each punch, a polarized controlling relay in the transmitting circuit,

and means for releasing either automatic circuit breaker to operate in its local circuit duringthe interval of actuation of said relay by impulses of varying duration.

3. The combination with an electro-magnetic tape perforator of a plurality of elecpunching magnet operated by said circuit controller, and means whereby said circuit controller releases a circuit breaker and operates a unch'for and during each respectively di erent controller position.

4. The combination with an electro-magnetic tape perforator of a plurality of electro-magnets, one for each punch, an automatic motor-driven circuit breaker for each punch magnet, an electro-magnetic circuit controller, an operating circuit for said controller, local circuit connections for each punching magnet, operated by said circuit controller, and means whereby said circuit controller, responsive to impulses of respectively different duration in said operating circuit, releases one of the circuit breakers and operates one of the punch magnets, the determination of the punch magnet and the duration of the operation of the local circuit breaker corresponding to the polarity and duration of the impulses in the controlling circuit.

' 5. The combination, in an electro-magnetic tape perforator, of a plurality of electro-magnets, one for each punch, an automatic motor-driven circuit breaker in the circuit of each punch magnet, local circuit connections for each punch magnet, a controlling device for said local circuit, and means whereby said controlling device, when operated, releases a circuit breaker and operates a a punch for and during each respectively different controller position.

6. The. combination, in an electro-magnetic tape perforator, of a plurality of electro-magnets, one for each punch, an automatic circuit breaker for each magnet, local circuit connections for each punching magnet and circult breaker, a local circuit controller and means whereby said circuit con-' troller releases a'circuit breaker to operate a a punch magnet for respectlvely different intervals. I

7. The combination, in an electro-magnetic tape perforator, of a plurality of elec tro-magnets, one for each punch; an automatic rotating circuit breaker for each magnet, a constantly operating motor, a motordriven shaft for said circuit breaker, a friction coupling between said motor and shaft,

7 a spur wheel on said shaft, a holding pawl therefor, an electro-magnet controlling the position of said pawl, a main electro-magnetic circuit controller, a main operating circuit for said controller, a local circuit including, a'punch magnet and said circuit breaker, and a local -circuit including the pawl magnet and the contact points of said circuit controller.

SL The combination, in an electro-mag netic tape perforator, of a plurality of electro-ma'gnets, one for each punch, an automatic rotating circuit breaker for each punch magnet, aplurality of motor-driven shafts on which said circuit breakers are respectively fixed, a constantly operating motor, friction couplings respectively located between said motor and said shafts, a plurality of spur wheels, one for each shaft, a holding pawl for each spur wheel,

electro-magnets, one for each pawl, to control the engaging position, an ele'ctro-magnetic circuit controller, an operating circuit for said controller, a plurality of local circuits each including a punch magnet and an automatic circuit breaker, and a plurality of local circuits each including a pawl magnet and contact points of said circuit controller.

9. The combination, of a transmitting circuit with means for recording blocks of elemental Morse signals, said means including a tape perforator having a plurality of punches, operating magnets, one for each punch, an automatic rotating circuit breaker,

' a polarized controlling relay in said transmitting circuit, a constantly operating motor, a motor-driven shaft on which said rotating'circuit breaker is fixed, a spur wheel on said shaft, having ten acute angled. teeth, a yielding coupling between the motor and said shaft, a holding pawl engaging the 

